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Energy saving.The effectiveness of the use of energy resources.

Energy saving today is one of the priority areas of policy and companies focused on dynamic development, both in terms of reducing the costs of their own production of major products and in accordance with the general orientation of government programs that aim to reduce loads in capabilities production.Energy conservation is one of the most important tasks for any company that has been especially faced with companies now, during the economic crisis.The technological and economic characteristics of the centralized heat supply of consumers are directly related to the subject - thermal energy.However, this is not the only factor that affects the details.Effective energy conservation can significantly reduce production cost and, as a result, increase its competitiveness in markets.

Energy Economy

There are a large number of various methods to increase the rational use of existing energy resources and capabilities.And the sooner the company begins to introduce energy saving technologies, the rapidly you will feel the positive effect of these events, which will be expressed in specific financial indicators."In energy conservation and increased energy efficiency and amendments to certain legislative acts."The law represents the tasks of implementing measures designed to reduce energy costs, namely:

  • From January 1, 2010, a budget institution is required to ensure a decrease in comparable conditions of the volume of water consumed by it, natural gas, fuel oil, diesel and other fuels, thermal energy, electrical energy in five years in at least fifteen percent of the volume that it actually consumed in 2009, each of the resources indicated with a volume volume in a volume in a volume that it actually consumed in 2009, each of the resources, each of the indicated.With a weekly decrease in one volume, in a volume that he had actually consumed in 2009, each of the resources indicated with a weekly decrease in one volume, in a volume that he actually consumed in 2009, each of the resources indicated with a weekly decrease in a weekly volume;
  • Until January 1, 2011, the owners of buildings, structures, structures and other objects, during the operation that energy resources are used, are necessary to complete the equipment of such objects, measuring used water devices, natural gas, thermal energy, electricity, as well as the commissioning of the measuring devices installed in operation;
  • Until May 15, 2010, organizations with state participation, including state and municipal institutions, must accept energy conservation programs and increase energy efficiency;
  • Organizations with state participation, including state and municipal institutions, are required to organize and conduct the first energy exam by December 31, 2012, subsequent energy research - at least once every five years.

Energy saving as a way of providing the growing need for energy resources and energy is 2-5 times more profitable than the construction of new capabilities for the production of thermal and electrical energy for the same purposes.For our population, the high rate of growth in internal energy prices and the materials -energy and developing fuel and energy complex is unacceptable, as work productivity and payment level are several times lower than in the most developed countries.Price growth rates should not exceed the work productivity growth rate.Otherwise, inflation will grow in the country as the cost of energy patients increases.The global economic crisis in eruption, which captured the world almost without a trace, has attributed special importance to increased energy efficiency, since each ruble invested in the production of highly effective equipment creates 8 times more jobs than the ruble invested in energy production.The concept of efficient energy increase in the country's economy should consist of 4 parts:

  • energy conservation programs;
  • Energy prices stabilization (for which trust and interdependence must be guaranteed between manufacturers, consumers and energy resources);
  • Increase the role of atomic and non -traditional renewable energy;
  • Development of new energy technologies.

In recent years, there have been radical changes in our country, which require a change in approaches and psychology, making new decisions fundamentally.The most important of them includes: a) a cardinal change in the legal field;b) continuous liberalization in the electricity sector and in the gas sector;c) implementation of national projects;d) The emergence of a global systemic deficiency of energy capabilities and the ability of the network economy;e) restrictions on hydrocarbons.

The effectiveness of using energy resources

Large modern companies are interested in reducing the cost of products to attract customers.And to reduce the cost, the entire production chain must be reorganized, the effectiveness of using energy resources is verified.This is very important as many energy resources are used in production.It can be electricity, heat and other resources.For more effective use, there are different methods.First of all, it is necessary to solve a psychological problem, which is a serious obstacle to the economy of electricity, that is, workers have no interest in the economic use of resources.Another problem is the unpreparedness of company managers to reorganize the entire production process for the effective use of energy resources.Therefore, the process of reducing energy costs is achieved in different ways:

  • reorganization of the company and all production;
  • phased reconstruction of the production process;
  • Determine the potential of energy conservation;
  • Implementation of programs for the effective use of energy resources;
  • Periodic Technological Research of Business.

In large companies, with their energy conservation specialists, energy audit programs are compiled on their own with the involvement of experts from regional energy conservation centers.In small and medium enterprises, energy audit programs are developed by regional or republican energy conservation centers.These programs must have several stages:

Evaluation of energy conservation potential.At this stage, a detailed examination of energy consumption of all major energy consumers, workshops and the entire company for at least 5 years before the year examined.Data is processed on a computer and mathematical energy consumption models are built.The latter are necessary to take into account the dependence on power consumption on performance, temperature, quality of materials etc.After processing the search results, databases are created, including the following information:

  • Consumption of basic energy resources (fuel, electricity, heat and water), absolute and specific, attributed to the unit of the main types of products;
  • Consumption of basic energy resources for attitudes, workshops and similar companies in this industry abroad (helps to establish a situation with energy consumption in the analyzed company: good, medium, bad, very bad);
  • The potential of energy conservation, expressed in natural calculation (kW · h, GJ, t) and monetary;
  • The main ways to reduce energy expenses in similar domestic and foreign companies (methods to reach, costs, return periods, etc.).

Often, a control examination allows to identify reserves for immediate energy savings (eg, inadequate operation of electric lighting, low equipment load, large thermal and electrical losses, etc.).In most cases, control survey data is needed to develop an energy saving strategy.Organization of accounting for energy consumption.Studies show that the correct organization of energy consumption accounting can save 5 ... 10 % of energy resources without additional measures.The best result is achieved by organizing a power center in the company, which contains a central computer with the appropriate software, a transmission data network on power consumption and primary devices (meters and sensors).

Depending on the company's scale and energy consumption values, these power center elements must be selected.Therefore, for large companies (metallurgical, chemicals, cars), it is economically advisable to create complex and expensive energy centers.A relatively cheap computer with simple software is suitable for small businesses.Thus, the organization of control over energy resources consumption is the first and most important step towards its rational management:

  • the identification of workshops and sections that avenge energy resources within the company;
  • A detailed audit of accounts issued by the company with power supply organizations;
  • Identify the most effective equipment modes and maintain these modes for as much time as possible;
  • A strict quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of various natural energy saving measures (GJ, KWNC etc.) and monetary.

Development and implementation of measures to reduce TED consumption. Despite the differences in the structures of industrial plants and the methods of its operation, possible energy conservation capabilities are similar in them.They can be grouped in the following categories:

  • Operation and Maintenance Strategy;
  • Strategy for modernization of equipment and technological processes;
  • The strategy for replacing the equipment with a new and less intensive energy and the introduction of new technologies.

For example, the company's current energy consumption is accepted for the initial state before the implementation of the energy conservation program.Then, based on the analysis of existing resources, control numbers are established to reduce power consumption at the end of each stage of the power conservation program.An important aspect of the implementation of the program is the problem of motivating companies from implementing it.Information about the energy conservation program must be in an affordable form brought to all artists who participate in it.All program performers must know that they will receive a real reward in implementing their stages.When developing energy saving measures in the PP, it should be remembered that there are the following areas of economics:

  • save having, improving energy supply;
  • Economy TED improving energy -us.

These measures are developed by energy engineers.The main ones are:

The right choice of energy carriers.Each process requires a power carrier that provides the highest energy and economic effect.For example, for ovens and heating plants, direct use of fuel and electric heating should be compared;For the Ferraria and the electricity of the pressing equipment, the compressed air and the steam (if available in the company).The energy type is chosen by comparing options and comprehensively analyzing the following factors:

  • Technology Requirements (change in product quality, consumption of materials -prime, etc.);
  • Economic differences in the design and operation conditions of the equipment;
  • Comparative energy costs;
  • the availability of the necessary equipment;
  • the period required to replace the equipment;
  • The economic effect of the use of Ver, the cost of environmental measures.

The costs of the options into consideration are determined by the expression z = emergency + IP+ EUDPZUD.E - σΔZI, Like this,

where kp is the capital costs for this technological installation without considering the costs of installation of the Ver;IP - operating costs without the power component;EUD - specific consumption of energy resources;P - Annual Product Production;ZUD - the specific energy costs above;I - The effect of the use of see.For today's companies, an evaluation of the options compared to current energy tariffs is allowed if the costs of the events are covered by the corporate fund.

  1. Reducing the number of energy transformations.Since each energy transformation is associated with losses, the less consistent the transformations are subjected to energy, the greater the overall efficiency.It is economically, for example, it is advisable to replace electricity compressed air everywhere, where it is possible according to technological conditions.
  2. Development of rational energy savings schemes.The plant's energy conservation scheme is a complex in which individual patients are interdependent and often interchangeable.The development of a comprehensive energy supply scheme linked to technology and taking into account the technologically necessary parameters of all energy carriers, will reveal the economy reserves and show the sequence of their implementation.
  3. Automation of power supply units.This includes measures such as heating units automation, boiler units, substations and the introduction of television and automatic control of the power parameters of various engines and assemblies.
  4. Improving the quality of energy resources.Any change in the parameters of energy resources (pressure, temperature, humidity, sulfity, ashes, electricity quality, etc.) leads to a deterioration in product quality and extraction of energy resources.

Thermal energy losses are classified into technology;commercial;emergency.This indicator is calculated in the company for a heating season, taking into account production costs and climatic conditions last year.The percentage of losses depends on the nature of networks, temperature charts, pressure, atmospheric temperature.